Single-channel thin film devices and methods for using the same are provided. The subject devices comprise cis and trans chambers connected by an electrical communication means. At the cis end of the electrical communication means is a horizontal conical aperture sealed with a thin film that includes a single nanopore or channel. The devices further include a means for applying an electric field between the cis and trans chambers. The subject devices find use in applications in which the ionic current through a nanopore or channel is monitored, where such applications include the characterization of naturally occurring ion channels, the characterization of polymeric compounds, and the like.

A method and a device for determining or observing the average particle size or particle size distribution in a flow of material, such as a slurry, wherein the material is allowed to flow at a constant velocity through a radiation beam, the time interval distribution of the radiation quanta passing through the material flow is measured, this distribution describing the particle size distribution and offering a possibility to control any changes in the size distribution, and from the measured time interval distribution is subtracted the known time interval distribution of the quanta of the radiation beam emitted by the source of radiation, this known distribution being a Poisson distribution, and, finally, the particle size or size distribution is determined arithmetically on the basis of the observed change in the time interval distribution. Preferably, the source of radiation is an X-ray tube or a radio isotope source, and the radiation detector may be a scintillation detector, a proportional counter or a semi-conductor detector.

1,080,113. Infrared analysis. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. May 25, 1965 [May 28, 1964], No. 22116/65. Heading G1A. Powdered material is analyzed by bringing it into contact with the surface of a light guide, passing infrared radiation through the guide to make an angle greater than the critical angle with said surface and spectrally analyzing the light internally reflected from the surface. Since internally reflected light penetrates about one wavelength beyond the reflecting interface, it is subject to absorption by the powder, and spectral analysis of the light produces the usual infrared absorption spectrum for the powdered substance. The light guide may be a slab of Ge, Si or AgCl. A two beam system in which radiation from a source is switched to fall on a detector alternately directly and through the light guide may be used. Cigarette smoke may be analyzed by passing it into a chamber 11 where the smoke particles are given a positive charge by a corona discharge between electrodes 12 and 13 and deposited on the surface of the light guide 3 which is rotated by a motor M.

A method and a device for determining or observing the average particle size or particle size distribution in a flow of material, such as a slurry, wherein the material is allowed to flow at a constant velocity through a radiation beam, the time interval distribution of the radiation quanta passing through the material flow is measured, this distribution describing the particle size distribution and offering a possibility to control any changes in the size distribution, and from the measured time interval distribution is subtracted the known time interval distribution of the quanta of the radiation beam emitted by the source of radiation, this known distribution being a Poisson distribution, and, finally, the particle size or size distribution is determined arithmetically on the basis of the observed change in the time interval distribution. Preferably, the source of radiation is an X-ray tube or a radio isotope source, and the radiation detector may be a scintillation detector, a proportional counter or a semi-conductor detector.

Provided is a method for preparing a platelet simulation particle, which comprises the step of performing a modification treatment on animal erythrocytes using trifluoromethyl compounds, so as to prepare the platelet simulation particle which is capable of binding to a fluorescent dye. The method can allow the platelet simulation particle to bind to fluorescent dye molecules simply and effectively. The present invention also relates to another method for preparing a platelet simulation particle, which comprises the step of performing an immobilization treatment on animal erythrocytes using tannic acids and aldehydes, so as to prepare the platelet simulation particle. The method can improve the stability of the platelet simulation particle. In addition, the present invention also relates to the platelet simulation particle prepared according to the method and a quality control material or a calibration material containing the platelet simulation particle. L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une particule de simulation de plaquettes, qui comprend l'étape consistant à effectuer un traitement de modification sur des érythrocytes d'animaux à l'aide de composés trifluorométhyle, de façon à préparer la particule de simulation de plaquettes pouvant se lier à un colorant fluorescent. Le procédé peut permettre à la particule de simulation de plaquettes de se lier à des molécules de colorant fluorescent de manière simple et efficace. La présente invention concerne également un autre procédé de préparation d'une particule de simulation de plaquettes, qui comprend l'étape consistant à effectuer un traitement d'immobilisation sur des érythrocytes d'animaux à l'aide d'acides tanniques et d'aldéhydes, de manière à préparer la particule de simulation de plaquettes. Le procédé permet d'améliorer la stabilité de la particule de simulation de plaquettes. De plus, la présente invention concerne également la particule de simulation de plaquettes préparée selon le procédé et un matériau de contrôle de qualité ou un matériau d'étalonnage contenant la particule de simulation de plaquettes. 一种制备血小板模拟粒子的方法，其中使用三氟甲基类化合物对动物红细胞进行修饰处理，以制成能结合荧光染料的血小板模拟粒子。该方法能使血小板模拟粒子与荧光染料分子简单、有效地结合。还涉及另一种制备血小板模拟粒子的方法，其中使用单宁酸和醛类对动物红细胞进行固定处理，以制成血小板模拟粒子。该方法能提高血小板模拟粒子的稳定性。此外还涉及按照该方法制备的血小板模拟粒子及含有该血小板模拟粒子的质控物或校准物。

Provided is the use of a nucleic acid aptamer in recognizing and binding to an alkaline phosphatase heterodimer. Provided is a nucleic acid aptamer or derivatives thereof, wherein the nucleotide sequence thereof is sequence 1 in the sequence listing. Further provided are a kit comprising the nucleic acid aptamer or derivatives thereof, and a carrier fixing or coupling with the nucleic acid aptamer or derivatives thereof. The nucleic acid aptamer is a single-stranded DNA molecule as shown in sequence 1. The method for capturing and detecting circulating tumor cells that highly express an alkaline phosphatase in peripheral blood, exosomes and free alkaline phosphatases based on nucleic acid aptamer magnetic nanoparticle technology can realize highly selective capturing and detection for target cells, exosomes or free proteins. L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un aptamère d'acide nucléique dans la reconnaissance d'un hétérodimère de phosphatase alcaline et la liaison à ce dernier. L'invention concerne en particulier un aptamère d'acide nucléique ou ses dérivés, dont la séquence nucléotidique est la séquence (1) dans la liste de séquences. L'invention concerne en outre un kit comprenant l'aptamère d'acide nucléique ou ses dérivés, et une fixation ou un couplage à un excipient de l'aptamère d'acide nucléique ou ses dérivés. L'aptamère d'acide nucléique est une molécule d'ADN monocaténaire telle que représentée dans la séquence (1). Le procédé de capture et de détection de cellules tumorales circulantes qui expriment fortement une phosphatase alcaline dans le sang périphérique, d'exosomes et de phosphatases alcalines libres, fondé sur une technologie de nanoparticules magnétiques d'aptamère d'acide nucléique, permet de réaliser une capture et une détection hautement sélectives de cellules, d'exosomes ou de protéines libres cibles. 提供核酸适配体在识别并结合碱性磷酸酶异源二聚体中的应用。提供了一种核酸适配体或其衍生物，其核苷酸序列为序列表中序列1。还提供了试剂盒，包括核酸适配体或其衍生物，以及，固定或偶联所述核酸适配体或其衍生物的载体，所述核酸适配体为序列1所示的单链DNA分子。基于核酸适配体磁性纳米颗粒技术用于外周血中高表达碱性磷酸酶的循环肿瘤细胞、外泌体和自由碱性磷酸酶捕获和检测的方法，可以实现对目标细胞、外泌体或自由蛋白高选择性的捕获及检测。

A method and a device for determining or observing the average particle size or particle size distribution in a flow of material, such as a slurry, wherein the material is allowed to flow at a constant velocity through a radiation beam, the time interval distribution of the radiation quanta passing through the material flow is measured, this distribution describing the particle size distribution and offering a possibility to control any changes in the size distribution, and from the measured time interval distribution is subtracted the known time interval distribution of the quanta of the radiation beam emitted by the source of radiation, this known distribution being a Poisson distribution, and, finally, the particle size or size distribution is determined arithmetically on the basis of the observed change in the time interval distribution. Preferably, the source of radiation is an X-ray tube or a radio isotope source, and the radiation detector may be a scintillation detector, a proportional counter or a semi-conductor detector.

871,867. Semi-conductor devices. SIEMENSSCHUCKERTWERKE A.G. Nov. 11, 1957 [Nov. 13, 1956], No. 35080/57. Class 37. A Hall plate, made of a material in which the carrier mobility is more than 6000 cm.<2>/volt sec., e.g. an AIII BV compound is disposed between the poles of an electromagnet in an air gap the thickness of which is less than (2 x 107- tines the carrier mobility)cm. The device is used as a modulator or frequency converter using a slowly varying direct current or lowfrequency alternating current through the winding of the electromagnet to modulate a higher-frequency current between the current electrodes of the Hall plate. The employment of the lower-frequency current in the magnet winding reduces unwanted inductive voltages in the output circuit. The core of the electromagnet is preferably made of a ferrite of high permeability and negligible hysteresis loss.