The LVARS is a fully instrumental, non-destructive spectroscopic device for the analysis and verification and authentication of the optical and electromagnetic properties (OEMP) of the inks, dyes, thin films, plastics, toners, paper, fixatives, paints, and printing agents used in documents and financial instruments. The instrument is a quantitative in nature so as to correlate compositional data (elemental, isotopic, structure) with Raman optical spectra. The LVARS design consists of a computer-controlled spectrometer with a microscope-guided grid head containing the laser excitation source and detector and optics. The spectrometer contains signal processing electronics which sends a stream of data to the computer for analysis and correlation with the library database. In another embodiment, the LVARS system is also capable of performing analysis and verification and authentication of the OEMP of organic and inorganic compounds, for both natural as well as manufactured compounds. Le spectromètre Raman d'authentification et de vérification laser (LVARS) est un dispositif spectroscopique non destructif complètement instrumental utilisé pour analyser, vérifier et authentifier les propriétés optiques et électromagnétiques (OEMP) des encres, colorants, films minces, plastiques, toners, papier, fixateurs, peintures, et agents d'impression utilisés dans les documents et les instruments financiers. Cet instrument est de nature quantitative permettant de créer une corrélation entre les données de composition (élémentaire, isotopique, structure) et le spectre optique Raman. De part sa conception, le LVARS comprend un spectromètre contrôlé par ordinateur présentant une tête de grille guidée par microscope contenant la source d'excitation laser, un détecteur et des éléments optiques. Par ailleurs, ce spectromètre comprend des éléments électroniques de traitement de signaux qui envoient un flux de données à l'ordinateur en vue d'une analyse et d'une corrélation avec la base de données de bibliothèque. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le système LVARS peut également effectuer les opérations d'analyse, de vérification et d'authentification des OEMP de composés organiques et inorganiques, aussi bien pour les composés naturels que pour les composés manufacturés.

Single-channel thin film devices and methods for using the same are provided. The subject devices comprise cis and trans chambers connected by an electrical communication means. At the cis end of the electrical communication means is a horizontal conical aperture sealed with a thin film that includes a single nanopore or channel. The devices further include a means for applying an electric field between the cis and trans chambers. The subject devices find use in applications in which the ionic current through a nanopore or channel is monitored, where such applications include the characterization of naturally occurring ion channels, the characterization of polymeric compounds, and the like.

A method and a device for determining or observing the average particle size or particle size distribution in a flow of material, such as a slurry, wherein the material is allowed to flow at a constant velocity through a radiation beam, the time interval distribution of the radiation quanta passing through the material flow is measured, this distribution describing the particle size distribution and offering a possibility to control any changes in the size distribution, and from the measured time interval distribution is subtracted the known time interval distribution of the quanta of the radiation beam emitted by the source of radiation, this known distribution being a Poisson distribution, and, finally, the particle size or size distribution is determined arithmetically on the basis of the observed change in the time interval distribution. Preferably, the source of radiation is an X-ray tube or a radio isotope source, and the radiation detector may be a scintillation detector, a proportional counter or a semi-conductor detector.

1,217,157. Folding paper &c. THOMAS BROADBENT & SONS Ltd. 28 May, 1968 [17 June, 1967], No. 28023/67. Heading B8R. [Also in Division D1] A machine for folding a flat workpiece 16 is provided with a control apparatus comprising a first detector and transmitter unit 14 arranged to detect and measure a dimension of a travelling workpiece 16 and transmit a signal whose value is representative of the dimension to a first memory store C1, means for transferring at least part of the signal in the first memory store C1 to a second memory store C2, and a second transmitter 24 to transmit to the store C2 a further and cumulative signal representative of the passage of the workpiece 16 relative to a folding station 32, the store C2 being arranged to initiate a folding operation when the required length of workpiece has passed the folding station. As shown, the workpiece 16 travels along the upper run of conveyer belts 10 arranged above conveyer belts 12 and actuates the first transmitter 13 comprising a rotatable toothed wheel the teeth of which are arranged to alternately interrupt and restore a light beam impinging on a photo-cell. The output of the transmitter, comprising a sawtooth voltage, is fed to a pulse shaping circuit 11, Fig. 2 (not shown), which comprises a Schmitt trigger semi-conductor circuit followed by a mono-stable multivibrator equipped with a resistance-capacitance delay circuit arranged to set a constant pulse width. The train of pulses produced by the circuit 11 is fed to a resistance-capacitance circuit R1- C1, Fig. 3, of an R-C circuit for the length of time that the detector, e.g. a feeler switch, associated with the unit 14 is actuated to open a contact 18 to charge the capacitor C1 When the workpiece 16 has completely passed the unit 14 the detector opens a contact 20, and simultaneously closes a contact 22 momentarily so that a capacitor C2, connected in parallel to the capacitor C1, acquires a part of the charge of the capacitor C1. The contact 18 closes and discharges the capacitor C1. The transmitter 24 is connected to a pulley 28 over which the belts 10 pass by a shaft 26 which thus rotates at a speed proportional to that of the workpiece. After the workpiece 16 has passed beyond the unit 14, the output voltage of the transmitter 24 is fed cumulatively to the capacitor C2 through a resistance R2 via a pulse shaping circuit 30 similar to the circuit 11. When the capacitor C2 has been charged to a predetermined voltage an output circuit, Fig. 4 (not shown), conducts to operate a folding blade 32. Simultaneously, the contact 20, Fig. 3, closes to completely discharge the capacitor C2 to prepare it for the next folding cycle. In another embodiment (not shown), a third memory store is provided together with means for dividing and transferring thereto any remaining signal stored in the first memory store after the original information has been transferred to the second memory store, whereby a further folding operation can be initiated by the third store. In a further embodiment (not shown), a third memory store may be provided together with means for dividing the original information transferred from the first memory store between the second and third memory stores whereby further folding operations can be initiated by the third memory store.

A method for preparing a liquid-state dropping or coating pathological quality control product, and uses thereof. In one aspect, the provided preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting and determining a reference material having a reference value, and processing the reference material; adding the processed reference material into an ethanol solution and storing the ethanol solution for standby use, the amount of the added ethanol solution being determined by the amount of a precipitate; and performing positive or negative reference setting by means of a dropping or coating manner. The pathological quality control product is a small-tissue slice suspension solution or homogenate, a cell or culture cell slice suspension solution or homogenate, or culture cell suspension solution or homogenate. In another aspect, also provided are uses of the liquid-state dropping or coating pathological quality control product as a positive or negative reference material in immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, special stain and stain inspections of other tissues, and uses of the liquid-state dropping or coating pathological quality control product as a standard quality control product in pathological intra-room quality control and inter-room quality control. La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un produit de contrôle de qualité pathologique de chute ou de revêtement à l'état liquide, et ses utilisations. Dans un aspect, le procédé de préparation de la présente invention comprend les étapes suivantes : sélection et détermination d'un matériau de référence ayant une valeur de référence, et traitement du matériau de référence ; ajout du matériau de référence traité dans une solution éthanolique et conservation de la solution éthanolique en attente d'utilisation, la quantité de solution éthanolique ajoutée étant déterminée par la quantité d'un précipité ; et conduite d'une définition de référence positive ou négative au moyen d'une méthode de chute ou de revêtement. Le produit de contrôle de qualité pathologique est une solution ou un homogénat de suspension de petite lame de tissu, une solution ou un homogénat de suspension d'une lame de cellules ou de cellules en culture. Dans un autre aspect, l'invention concerne en outre des utilisations du produit de contrôle de qualité pathologique de chute ou de revêtement en tant que matériau de référence positive ou négative en immunohistochimie, hybridation in situ, coloration spéciale et des inspections spéciales d'autres tissus, et des utilisations du produit de contrôle de qualité pathologique de chute ou de revêtement en tant que produit de contrôle de qualité standard dans un contrôle de qualité intra-local et un contrôle de qualité inter-locaux. 一种液体滴加式或涂抹式病理质控品的制备方法及其应用，一方面提供的制备方法包括以下步骤：选择确定有对照价值的对照物，对对照物进行处理；将经处理的对照物加入乙醇溶液保存备用，加入乙醇溶液的量由沉淀物的量确定；采用滴加或涂抹的方式进行阳性或阴性对照设置。该病理质控品为微小组织切片悬浮液或匀浆液、细胞或培养细胞切片悬浮液或匀浆液、或者培养细胞悬浮液或匀浆液。另一方面提供的该液态滴加式或涂抹式病理质控品在免疫组化、原位杂交、特殊染色以及其他组织检测染色过程中作为阳性或阴性对照物的应用或者该液态滴加式或涂抹式病理质控品作为病理室内质控和室间质控的标准质控品的应用。

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE PARTICLE SIZE IN A FLOW OF MATERIAL A method and a device for determining or observing the average particle size or particle size distribution in a flow of material, such as a slurry, wherein the material is allowed to flow at a constant velocity through a radiation beam, the time interval distribution of the radiation quanta passing through the material flow is measured, this distribution describing the particle size distribution and offering a possibility to control any changes in the size distribution, and from the measured time interval distribution is subtracted the known time interval distribution of the quanta of the radiation beam emitted by the source of radiation, this known distribution being a Poisson distribution, and, finally, the particle size or size distribution is determined arithmetically on the basis of the observed change in the time interval distribution. Preferably, the source of radiation is an X-ray tube or a radio isotope source, and the radiation detector may be a scintillation detector, a proportional counter or a semi-conductor detector.

The stress distribution of a biobone, a dummy bone, and a member attached to them is visualized without any missing points to be measured more accurately in any of various forms by an inexpensive system. When an insertion support part (4) of an artificial hip joint (2) is inserted into a hollow inside (3) of a damaged femur (1) or a dummy bone of the damaged femur, a stress light-emitting material thin film (6) is formed in advance on the outer peripheral surface (5) in an adequate region including a portion into which the insertion support part (4) is inserted. The stress light-emitting material thin film (6) is imaged over the whole circumference with an ICCD camera (7) from the outer peripheral side during the process of the insertion of the artificial hip joint (2) and after the insertion, and this is inputted into a computer (11) to obtain a light-reception image (8). Thus, the computer (11) outputs the intensity of the received light as an image to easily obtain the light-reception image (8), and data on the intensity of the received light can be used as it is as stress/strain data. This technique is suitable for dynamic analysis. Selon la présente invention, la répartition des contraintes d'un bio-os, d'un os artificiel, ou d'un élément leur étant rattaché peut être visualisée, sans aucun point manquant, pour mesurer très précisément l'une des différentes formes au moyen d'un système économique. Lorsqu'une pièce de soutien d'insertion (4) d'une articulation de la hanche artificielle (2) est placée dans la cavité creuse (3) d'un fémur endommagé (1) ou l'os artificiel dudit fémur, une mince feuille de matériau électroluminescent reflétant les contraintes (6) est formée à l'avance sur la surface extérieure périphérique (5) dans la zone appropriée, incluant une partie dans laquelle la pièce de soutien d'insertion (4) est installée. Ladite feuille (6) s'affiche sur l'ensemble de la circonférence grâce à une caméra ICCD (7) à partir du côté périphérique extérieur durant le processus d'insertion de l'articulation de la hanche artificielle (2) et après son insertion. Le tout est transmis à un ordinateur (11) pour obtenir une image photoréceptrice (8). À partir de l'intensité lumineuse reçue, l'ordinateur (11) produit une image permettant d'obtenir facilement l'image photoréceptrice (8) et les données sur cette intensité lumineuse sont utilisées en tant que données de contrainte/déformation. Cette technique convient pour l'analyse dynamique.

The LVARS is a fully instrumental, non-destructive spectroscopic device for the analysis and verification and authentication of the optical and electromagnetic properties (OEMP) of the inks, dyes, thin films, plastics, toners, paper, fixatives, paints, and printing agents used in documents and financial instruments. The instrument is quantitative in nature so as to correlate compositional data (elemental, isotopic, structure) with Raman optical spectra. The LVARS design consists of a computer-controlled spectrometer with a microscope-guided grid head containing the laser excitation source and detector and optics.