1,186,957. Infrared gas analysis. SIEMENS A.G. Oct. 14, 1968 [Oct. 16, 1967], No.48507/68. Heading G1A. The concentration of carbon monoxide in exhaust gases is measured by determining the absorption by the gases of monochromatic infrared radiation from an electro-luminescent semiconductor source. Fig.2 shows a two-path system in which the measurement path comprises a pulsed electroluminescent or laser diode 23, supplied from unit 4, a through-flow chamber 14 for exhaust gases, and an infrared sensitive semi-conductor detector 5, feeding an amplifier 7, rectifier 8 and meter 9 or control means 10 for adjusting the carburretor of the engine producing the exhaust under examination. The diode 23 may be doped indium arsenide - indium antimonide body and emits radiation corresponding to a main or secondary line in the absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide. The detector 5 may be of indium antimonide, lead selenide or lead telluride. The other radiation path uses a similar detector 19 and similar circuitry and is used to maintain the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the source constant, by control of the temperature of the source, or the voltage supplied thereto. A semi-silvered mirror 18 splits the light from source 23 into two beams. In the simpler arrangement of Fig. 1 (not shown) only the measurement path is present.

A projection system for a projector and/or a vehicle light, comprising a light-scattering and/or conversion device and having a scanning device with which a light impingement region of the projected light is shiftable on the light-scattering and/or conversion device; the light-scattering and/or conversion device being configured for conversion and/or for physical scattering of the light projected onto the light-scattering and/or conversion device so that a light emitted into an external environment of the projection system encompasses an emitted light and/or physically scattered light having the at least one output wavelength; and the projection system encompassing a hologram onto which a physically unscattered light having the at least one output wavelength, which is transmitted at least once through the light-scattering and/or conversion device, impinges, and by which the physically unscattered light is deflectable.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a simplified temperature sensor that incorporates a display panel and can easily detect temperature by detecting temperature according to change in the oscillation frequency of a ring oscillator being formed by an odd number of inverter rows. SOLUTION: On a thin-film transistor(TFT) substrate 10, a display part 20, a driving circuit part 30, and a temperature sensor 40 are provided. The display part 20 is composed of a plurality of signal lines 21, a scan line 22, a switching element 23 for pixels, and a pixel electrode 24. The temperature sensor 40 is a ring oscillator consisting of an odd number of inverter rows where an N channel TFT is combined with a P channel TFT. The oscillation frequency of the ring oscillator is measured, thus determining the temperature of the ring oscillator. Also, the oscillation frequency can be easily detected by a pulse counter or the like. Based on temperature information, the temperature of the liquid crystal panel is controlled so that the temperature is kept constant, thus keeping constant display characteristics.

A surface plasmon resonance based cantilever sensor and a sample detection and quantitative analysis method using the same are provided to be inexpensive for measurement with an easy and accurate measurement. A surface plasmon resonance based cantilever sensor includes a substrate(100), a cantilever supporter(210), a cantilever(200), a dielectric medium, an input light source, and a light receiving part. Metal thin film(300) is applied uniformly and partly on the substrate. The cantilever supporter is fixed on the substrate and supports the cantilever. The cantilever is supported by the cantilever supporter and has a predetermined gap from the metal thin film. The dielectric medium is introduced below the substrate for generating surface plasmon resonance. The input light source inputs light onto the metal thin film through the dielectric medium. The light receiving part measures light reflected from the metal thin film.

1,207,981. Semi-conductor circuits. GEORGE KENT Ltd. 20 Feb., 1968 [27 Feb., 1967], No. 9280/67. Heading H3T. [Also in Division G1] In apparatus for detecting slope of a variable electric signal by sampling the variable electric signal periodically, the sampling frequency is varied in accordance with a predetermined programme. The apparatus may be used to detect peaks and troughs in the output signal from a gas chromatograph, the sensitivity and bandwidth being varied in opposite directions by alteration of the sampling frequency. As shown, the device 12 is supplied at terminals 18, 20 with the output signals from a gas chromatograph and changes the state of a bi-stable circuit 34 following each minimum or maximum of the current at terminals 18, 20. This is achieved by repetitively discharging capacitor 16 through winding 24 of a transformer by repetitively closing a switch (such as a transistor) 22 as described in Specification 1,060,597. The sensitivity and bandwidth of device 12 may be altered by variation of the sampling frequency of switch 22. A clock 40 is started by a pulse on line 44 from the chromatograph. For the first 20 seconds, a tri-stable device 50 is in a first state which opens an AND gate 72 which feeds signals from a source 60 at 10 c/s. via an OR gate 78 to switch 22. After 20 seconds a signal from clock 40 changes device 50 to its second state so as to allow gate 74 to pass sampling signals at 2 c/s. whilst after a further interval of 80 seconds device 50 allows gate 76 to pass sampling signals at 0À5 c/s. The threestage reduction in sampling frequency thus allows the sensitivity of device 12 to be changed to correspond with the lower slope of the later peaks of the series from the chromatograph.

Single-channel thin film devices and methods for using the same are provided. The subject devices comprise cis and trans chambers (1 and 2) connected by an electrical communication means (3). At the cis end of the electrical communication means is a horizontal conical aperture (4) sealed with a thin film that includes a single nanopore or channel. The devices further include a means for applying an electric field between the cis and trans chambers. The subject devices find use in applications in which the ionic current through a nanopore or channel is monitored, where such applications include the characterization of naturally occurring ion channels, the characterization of polymeric compounds, and the like. L'invention concerne des dispositifs à films minces à un seul canal et des procédés d'utilisation de ces derniers. Ces dispositifs comprennent des chambres cis et trans (1 et 2) reliées par un moyen de communication électrique (3). Au niveau de l'extrémité cis du moyen de communication électrique se trouve une ouverture conique horizontale (4) fermée avec un film mince qui comprend un seul nanopore ou un canal. Ces dispositifs comprennent, en outre, un moyen pour appliquer un champ électrique entre les chambres cis et trans. Ces dispositifs présentent une grande utilité dans des applications dans lesquelles le courant ionique dans un nanopore ou un canal est surveillé, ou dans des applications qui consistent à caractériser les canaux ioniques naturels, à caractériser des composés polymères, etc.

A NOx sensor structure comprises a selective oxygen ion conductive layer and a gas permeable non-conductive layer of porous spinel structure or of porous platinum. An Independent claim is also included for a NOx sensor measuring arrangement comprising the above structure on a cathode. Preferred Features: A layer (11), of material which is catalytically inert with respect to NOx, is applied onto the exhaust gas side of the oxygen ion conductive layer (1) by a thick film technique or by vapor deposition.

To provide a sensor and a method of using the same.SOLUTION: A sensor is provided, comprising a conductive region in electrical communication with two electrodes, the conductive region containing metallic nanowires, nanosized particles of a dichalcogenide, and a mercaptoimidazolyl metal-ligand complex. The sensor can be used to detect volatile compounds that have double or triple bonds.SELECTED DRAWING: None 【課題】 センサー及びセンサーを使用する方法を開示する。【解決手段】 センサーは、２つの電極と電気的に連通している導電性領域を含み、導電性領域が、金属製ナノワイヤ、ジカルコゲナイドのナノサイズ粒子、及びメルカプトイミダゾリル金属−配位子錯体を含む。センサーは、二重または三重結合を有する揮発性化合物を検出するのに使用され得る。【選択図】なし