Disclosed herein are biosensors for measuring analyte concentration in a bodily fluid comprising at least one electrode comprising semiconducting, conducting, or thin film carbon material, and an electron mediator comprising a ruthenium containing electron mediator, or a ferricyanide material or ferrocene carboxylic acid. Methods of measuring analyte concentration in a bodily fluid using such biosensors are also disclosed.

FIELD: mining. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention covers the search-and rescue works and can be used in searching the covered biologic subjects or their remains in the areas suffered from earthquake as well as in mountaineering in searching biologic subjects covered by snow slide or rockfall. The device for the invented method comprises of scanning unit and transceiver. The scanning unit consists of the master oscillator 1, power amplifier 2, circulator 3, multiplexer 14, narrow band filter 15, 16 and 17. The transceiver consists in piezoctrystal 8 with superficially applied aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer which is connected to the microstrip antenna 9 and reflector set 13. The interdigital transducer contains two comb electrode systems 10, buses 11 and 12 which connect comb electrodes to each other. The buses are in turn connected to the microstrip antenna 9. ^ EFFECT: broadening of functionality is provided by detecting vital activity in discovered biologic subjects. ^ 2 cl, 3 dwg

PURPOSE: To change temperature resistance characteristics of a sensor over a wide range by connecting a parallel resistor of glass ceramics to a film resistor of thin film or thick film and selecting size and constant of the film resistor, so that, within the temperature range for use, the film resistor and the parallel resistor are made to correspond to each other, and below the temperature range, the film resistor is operated, and above the temperature range, the parallel resistor is operated based an its temperature characteristics. CONSTITUTION: A strip-like film resistor 1 of thick film or thin film is sintered on a supporter surface 2 of glass ceramics, and electric connection points 3 are provided on both surfaces. Along the number part of the resistor 1, a parallel resistor 4 of glass ceramics is connected. The resistor 1 is metal or its oxide, and a resistance linearly increases following temperature rising, and the resistance of a resistor 4 exponentially decreases following the temperature rising. By appropriately selecting size and temperature coefficient of the resistor 1, resistance values of the resistors 1 and 4 correspond to each other within usage temperature range. The resistor 1 mainly acts at low temperatures and the resistor 4 at high temperatures. Thus, the temperature resistance characteristics of a sensor circuit can be changed over a wide range.

Erythrocyte simulation particles, a preparation method therefor, and a quality control material or calibrator containing the erythrocyte simulated particles. The method for preparing the erythrocyte simulation particles comprises: performing oxidizing and fixing treatments on erythrocytes by using an erythrocyte treatment solution that has a pH of 5.0-9.0 and an osmotic pressure of 300-800 Osm/kg•H2O, wherein the erythrocyte treatment solution contains at least one oxidizing agent selected from halogen oxyacid salts and at least one fixing agent selected from aldehydes or acids; and washing the erythrocytes treated by the erythrocyte treatment solution and suspending same in a preservation solution. The described method uses an environmentally friendly halogen oxyacid salt as an oxidant to obtain erythrocyte simulation particles that may be stored stably for a long time and have properties similar to natural blood erythrocyte particles in an erythrocyte detection channel. L'invention concerne des particules simulant les érythrocytes, leur procédé de préparation et un matériau de contrôle qualité ou un dispositif d'étalonnage contenant les particules simulant les érythrocytes. Le procédé de préparation des particules simulant les érythrocytes comprend les étapes consistant à : pratiquer des traitements d'oxydation et de fixation sur des érythrocytes en utilisant une solution de traitement pour érythrocytes qui présente un pH variant de 5,0 à 9,0 et une pression osmotique variant de 300 à 800 Osm/kg•H2O, la solution de traitement pour érythrocytes contenant au moins un agent oxydant choisi parmi les sels d'oxoacides halogénés et au moins un agent de fixation choisi parmi les aldéhydes ou les acides ; et laver les érythrocytes traités au moyen de la solution de traitement pour érythrocytes et les mettre en suspension dans une solution de conservation. Le procédé décrit utilise un sel d'oxoacide halogéné respectueux de l'environnement en tant qu'oxydant pour obtenir des particules simulant les érythrocytes qui peuvent être stockées de façon stable pendant une longue durée et qui présentent des propriétés similaires à celles des particules érythrocytaires du sang naturel dans un canal de détection d'érythrocytes. 一种红细胞模拟粒子、其制备方法及含有该红细胞模拟粒子的质控物或校准物。制备红细胞模拟粒子的方法包括采用pH为5.0～9.0、渗透压为300～800 Osm/kg•H 2O的红细胞处理液对红细胞进行氧化处理和固定处理，其中，该红细胞处理液含有选自卤素含氧酸盐的至少一种氧化剂和选自醛或酸的至少一种固定剂；和将经该红细胞处理液处理后的红细胞洗涤并悬浮在保存液中。该方法采用环境友好的卤素含氧酸盐作为氧化剂，获得了能够长期稳定保存的且在红细胞检测通道中与天然血液红细胞粒子性质类似的红细胞模拟粒子。

A detection device for distinguishing branches having capacitive or resistive instantaneous ground faults, comprising an insulation monitoring device (1), a module monitoring device (2) and an electrical current transformer (3); the insulation monitoring device (1) is connected to a positive bus and negative bus of a direct current system and the ground respectively; the electrical current transformer (3) is connected to each branch of the direct current system; and both the insulation monitoring device (1) and the electrical current transformer (3) are connected to the module monitoring device (2). Also disclosed is a detection method for distinguishing branches having capacitive or resistive instantaneous ground faults: the module monitoring device (2) acquires electrical current data by means of the electrical current transformer (3) connected to branches, locates a branch having an instantaneous ground fault according to a variation rule, and distinguishes whether a capacitive or a resistive instantaneous ground fault occurs at the branch according to information of the insulation monitoring device (1). By means of the present solution, the branches having capacitive and resistive instantaneous ground faults may be rapidly and accurately detected and distinguished, and the solution may be widely applied to the field of power systems. La présente invention concerne un dispositif de détection pour distinguer des dérivations ayant des défauts de mise à la terre instantanés capacitifs ou résistifs, comprenant un dispositif de surveillance d'isolation (1), un dispositif de surveillance de module (2) et un transformateur de courant électrique (3) ; le dispositif de surveillance d'isolation (1) est respectivement connecté à un bus positif et à un bus négatif d'un système à courant continu et à la terre ; le transformateur de courant électrique (3) est connecté à chaque dérivation du système à courant continu ; et le dispositif de surveillance d'isolation (1) et le transformateur de courant électrique (3) sont connectés au dispositif de surveillance de module (2). L'invention concerne également un procédé de détection pour distinguer des dérivations ayant des défauts de mise à la terre instantanés capacitifs ou résistifs : le dispositif de surveillance de module (2) acquiert des données de courant électrique au moyen du transformateur de courant électrique (3) connecté à des dérivations, localise une dérivation ayant un défaut de mise à la terre instantané selon une règle de variation et distingue si un défaut de mise à la terre instantané capacitif ou résistif se produit au niveau de la dérivation selon des informations du dispositif de surveillance d'isolation (1). Au moyen de la présente solution, les dérivations ayant des défauts de mise à la terre instantanés capacitifs et résistifs peuvent être détectées et distinguées rapidement et avec précision et la solution peut être largement appliquée au domaine des systèmes d'alimentation. 一种区分电容性与电阻性瞬时接地故障支路的检测装置，包括绝缘监测设备（1）、模块监测设备（2）和电流互感器（3）；绝缘监测设备（1）分别与直流系统的正极母线、负极母线和大地相连；电流互感器（3）连接在直流系统的各支路上；绝缘监测设备（1）和电流互感器（3）均与模块监测设备（2）连接。还公开了一种区分电容性与电阻性瞬时接地故障支路的检测方法，模块监测设备（2）通过对连接在支路上的电流互感器（3）进行电流数据获取，根据其变化规则，对发生瞬时接地故障的支路进行定位，并结合绝缘监测设备（1）的信息，区分出该支路是发生电容性还是电阻性瞬时接地故障。本方案能够快速准确地检测和区分电容性与电阻性瞬时接地故障支路，可广泛应用于电力系统领域。

A moisture detecting system (40) has a power semiconductor module having a gate driver (62) with the gate in which the gate driver has an on condition and an off condition, a power supply (42) connected to the gate driver so as to supply voltage to the gate driver, a controller (46) cooperative between the power supply and the gate driver so as to set the gate driver between the on condition and the off condition, and a sensor (60) connected to the gate driver so as to detect a leakage of current across the gate driver. The controller is cooperative at the power supply so as to turn off the power supply when the signal is indicative of the leakage of current. The gate driver can an IGBT or a MOSFET. La présente invention concerne un système de détection d'humidité (40) qui comprend un module semi-conducteur de puissance ayant un circuit d'attaque de grille (62) avec la grille dans laquelle le circuit d'attaque de grille présente une condition de mise sous tension et une condition de mise hors tension, une alimentation électrique (42) raccordée au circuit d'attaque de grille de façon à fournir une tension au circuit d'attaque de grille, un dispositif de commande (46) coopérant entre l'alimentation électrique et le circuit d'attaque de grille de sorte à régler le circuit d'attaque de grille entre la condition de mise sous tension et la condition de mise hors tension, et un capteur (60) raccordé au circuit d'attaque de grille de sorte à détecter une fuite de courant à travers le circuit d'attaque de grille. Le dispositif de commande est coopératif au niveau de l'alimentation électrique de sorte à couper l'alimentation électrique lorsque le signal indique la fuite de courant. Le circuit d'attaque de grille peut être un transistor bipolaire à grille isolée (IGBT pour Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) ou un transistor à effet de champ à semi-conducteur à oxyde métallique (MOSFET pour Metal Oxide Semi-conductor Field Effect Transistor).

789,712. Electric tests. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Jan. 25,1956 [Feb. 4, 1955], No. 2470/56. Class 37. In order to locate the exact position of a P-N junction in a semi-conductor body, the body 1 (Fig. 1) is fed with an alternating voltage through end electrodes 2, 3 and a probe 7, connected to a battery 13, is slowly moved along the semi-conductor body while the current/voltage characteristic is continuously indicated on a cathode-ray oscilloscope 16, the effect of the bias voltage on the probe 7 being to change the C.R.O. display when the probe passes over the P-N junction. The body 1 is illuminated by a lamp 17 so that its photodiode characteristic is utilized to accentuate the in the display. To make the change in the display occur at a more precise location the bias voltage on probe 7 is augmented by pulses of opposite polarity from a further battery 20, the pulses being produced by manual operation of a switch 22. Specifications 727,678 and 748,414 are referred to.

1494636 Measuring fluid-flow rate electrically ELEKTRONIK-KONSTRUKTIONER AB 2 Dec 1974 [3 Dec 1973] 52105/74 Heading G1N A flow measuring or monitoring device comprises a pair of similar temperature sensors, each comprising a monolithic semi-conductor crystal, one of which is associated with a heater arranged to heat it by a constant amount and means for comparing the outputs of the sensors to obtain flow velocity. The device may be used to operate an alarm when flow velocity deviates from a desired value. The sensors 8, 10 may be arranged on a sheet 6 projecting into the fluid stream with its plane parallel to the direction of flow. A radiation shield 12 is sited between them and circuitry and an alarm may be contained in a unit 4 on the exterior of the conduit wall 2. Each sensor 8, 10 may comprise an identical array of four bi-polar transistors T3, T4 Fig.3, integrated on the same silicon wafer, three being connected, as shown, and one 18 being used as a heater in the sensor 10. The corresponding one in the sensor 8 is not utilized. Heater current is supplied to drive the transistor 18 in the reverse direction, by a conventional stabilized voltage assembly I with potentiometer R6 providing for voltage adjustment. Capacitor C2 is a noise filter. The sensor circuit includes a potentiometer R13 for the sensor 8 for voltage adjustment and potentiometers R10, R14, the former for fine adjustment in temperature compensation for the sensor 10 and to account for manufacturing tolerances between the sensors and the latter to adjust the point at which an alarm indicates that flow has deviated from the desired flow valve. Capacitor C3 is a noise suppressor and also forms the shield 12. The two diode paths are connected to a level discriminator IC2 and to a relay Rel which energizes the alarm. The sheet 6 carries some of the circuitry in printed form. The device may be used to regulate flow rather than operate an alarm. Uses described relate to air-flow control.