PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light-based sensor that can accurately and widely measure a position to be measured being located extremely near the sensor by using a solid light guide. SOLUTION: The sensor 1 for sensing the distance to a medium and/or the displacement and physical characteristics of the medium has a housing 2, at least a pair of solid light guides 8 and 19 that have input and output end surfaces, at least one light source 12, and at least one light intensity measurement means 18. Then, the light source 12 and the light intensity measurement means 18 are optically interlocked to the input end surface of the first light guide 8 and the output end surface of the second light guide 10, respectively, and the light guides 8 and 10 are optically insulated each other. However, surfaces 14 and 16 of the light guides 8 and 10 are arranged at least adjacently each other, the surfaces 14 and 16 are cut to the optical axis of waveguides 8 and 10 at an angle of θ, and an angle of α is formed between the waveguides 8 and 10, thus enabling light being emitted from the output end surface of the light guide 8 to enter a thin film 4 at an incident angle of β=f (α, θ) on operation.

Provided is a recombinant vector capable of expressing a novel receptor (STING subtype M) for feeling exogenous cyclic dinucleotide, also provides a method and kit for specifically authenticating and detecting the expression of the receptor, and further provides a model and kit for screening an agonist or inhibitor drug using the new gene STING subtype M as a target spot and an application of the model and the kit. The screening model and kit can simplify screening steps, improve screening efficiency and enlarge the drug screening range. L'invention concerne un vecteur recombinant capable d'exprimer un nouveau récepteur (sous-Type M de STING) pour détecter un dinucléotide cyclique exogène. L'invention concerne également un procédé et un kit permettant d'authentifier et de détecter de manière spécifique l'expression du récepteur. L'invention concerne en outre un modèle et un kit pour le criblage d'un médicament agoniste ou inhibiteur à l'aide du nouveau sous-type M de gène STING en tant que point cible ainsi qu'une application du modèle et du kit. Le modèle de criblage et le kit peuvent simplifier les étapes de criblage, améliorer l'efficacité de ce dernier et agrandir la plage de criblage de médicaments. 提供一种能表达新型的感受外源性的环二核苷酸的受体(STING亚型M)的重组载体，同时提供特异性的鉴定和检测这个受体表达的方法和试剂盒；进一步提供以新基因STING亚型M为靶点的激活剂或抑制剂药物筛选模型和试剂盒及其应用。所述的筛选模型和试剂盒可以简化筛选的步骤，提高筛选效率，并扩大可筛选药物的范围。

To provide a method of measuring the concentration of an ingredient in a body of ceramic material or glassy material.SOLUTION: A method involves using modulated gigahertz radiation as a measurement wave that covers a frequency range of 20-300 gigahertz to measure either an optical path length or signal propagation time of the measurement wave penetrating a body of ceramic material or glass material in a measurement direction, and determining the concentration of an ingredient in the body. The body is made of glass with high silica content, in particular, quartz glass. The ingredient in the body includes a hydroxyl group, hydrogen, a metal oxide, and/or halogen.SELECTED DRAWING: None 【課題】セラミック材料またはガラス質材料の本体内の成分の濃度を測定する方法を提供する。【解決手段】２０〜３００ギガヘルツの周波数範囲を含む測定波として変調されたギガヘルツ放射を用い、セラミック材料またはガラス質材料の本体を測定方向に貫通する測定波の光路長または信号伝搬時間を測定し、前記本体内の成分の濃度を決定する。前記本体が高シリカ含有ガラス、特に石英ガラスからなり、前記本体の成分にはヒドロキシル基、水素、金属酸化物および／またはハロゲンが含まれる。【選択図】なし

A magnetoresistive head comprising a multi-layer thin film device on a substrate 40 has a material which is inert with respect to the soft film magnetic biasing layer 44 formed at the surface of the substrate prior to soft film deposition. Such materials may be a layer of metal such as Cr or Ta, which have high resistivity due to partial oxidation when deposited on the substrate. The substrate 40 has a layer of alumina (Al2O3) or silica (SiO2) on which the surface layer 42 is formed. The magnetoresistive layer 48 is typically formed for a NiFe alloy whilst the soft magnetic layer 44 comprises an alloy of NiFeRh, NiFeNb or NiFeCr.

A double-sided optical inspection system is presented which may detect and classify particles, pits and scratches on thin film disks or wafers in a single scan of the surface. In one embodiment, the invention uses a pair of orthogonally oriented laser beams, one in the radial and one in the circumferential direction on both surfaces of the wafer or thin film disk. The scattered light from radial and circumferential beams is separated via their polarization or by the use of a dichroic mirror together with two different laser wavelengths.

Provided is a composition for the control of disease damage due to at least one of grapevine esca, black dead arm, and Eutypa dieback, characterized by containing at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydrogen carbonates. L'invention concerne une composition pour lutter contre les dégâts causés par l'esca de la vigne, la maladie du bois noir mort et/ou l'eutypiose, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient au moins un ingrédient actif choisi dans le groupe constitué par les carbonates de métaux alcalins et les hydrogénocarbonates de métaux alcalins. アルカリ金属炭酸塩及びアルカリ金属炭酸水素塩からなる群から選択された少なくとも１種を有効成分として含有することを特徴とするブドウエスカ病、ブラックデッドアーム病及びユーティパディーバック病から選択される少なくとも１種の病害の防除用組成物が提供される。

Temperature sensors or temperature sensor arrangements made from glass ceramic and bonding film resistors, suitable especially for control and limitation of output in glass ceramic cooking areas, are distinguished in that thin- and/or thick-film resistors are baked on supports of glass ceramic, for example, in the area of the cooking zone of a glass ceramic cooking surface, and one or more glass ceramic resistances are delimited and bonded there, and the film resistors form parallel and/or iterative circuits with the glass ceramic resistances. By suitable selection of the dimensions as well as the surface resistances and temperature coefficients of the bonding film resistors and the type of sensor circuit (parallel and/or iterative circuit), the temperature resistance characteristic of a sensor circuit can be varied within wide limits, e.g., the temperature area of use of a glass ceramic sensor can be considerably expanded toward low temperatures. The geometric shape of a sensor arrangement can be matched to the specified temperature distribution of a surface to be monitored, for example, a glass ceramic cooking surface in the area of the cooking zones, so that practically all areas of the heated surface essential for the temperature control and limitation are detected.

Devices and corresponding methods can be provided to monitor or measure temperature of a target or to control a process. Targets can have low, unknown, or variable emissivity. Devices and corresponding methods can be used to measure temperatures of thin film, partially transparent, or opaque targets, as well as targets not filling a sensor's field of view. Temperature measurements can be made independent of emissivity of a target surface by, for example, inserting a target between a thermopile sensor and a background surface maintained at substantially the same temperature as the thermopile sensor. In embodiment devices and methods, a sensor temperature can be controlled to match a target temperature by minimizing or zeroing a net heat flux at the sensor, as derived from a sensor output signal. Alternatively, a target temperature can be controlled to minimize the heat flux.