1,154,149. Electromagnetic-wave distance-measuring systems. SOC. D'ETUDES, RECHERCHES & CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRONIQUES. 19 Oct., 1966 [29 Oct.. 1965; 21 May, 1966], No. 46870/66. Heading H4D. Relates to a distance-measuring system in which modulation phase change is measured, the modulation frequency slowly varying from F 1 to F 2 . According to the present invention an oscillator 2 runs from F 1 ŒH to F 2 ŒH, oscillators 26, 27 produce respective frequencies H, HŒf, a frequency-changer 28 gives the modulation frequency variation from F 1 to F 2 , the output of receiver 5 is frequency-changed in unit 30 to frequency H, a further frequency changer 33 produces frequency f, and the phase of the latter is compared with the output of a mixer 31. The waves may be radio or light waves; in the latter case a Kerr cell modulator, a laser, or a semi-conductor diode emitting in the infra-red may be employed. The carrier may be modulated in amplitude, frequency, or phase. The phase measurement at frequency f (which may be 2400 c/s and is much lower than any other frequency mentioned) is achieved in known manner using a motor-controlled phase shifter 8. The frequencies of oscillators 26, 27 may drift but if so are arranged to drift to - gether. Amplifier 34 may be gain-controlled automatically, Fig. 4 (not shown).

910,556. Electrical indicating systems. BIRD INSTRUMENTS Ltd. Jan. 29, 1959 [Oct. 29, 1957], No. 33636/57. Class 40 (1). [Also in Group XXXVI] In a method of correcting deviation of a magnetic compass, the compass is shielded from substantially all stray magnetic fields and from the earth's field, and is subjected to a field which is derived from a field-sensitive signal generator exposed to the earth's magnetic field at a point magnetically remote from stray fields due, e.g. to the iron of the vehicle in which the compass is installed, and which is identical in direction and sense with at least the horizontal component of the earth's field at the compass. In a preferred embodiment, Figs. 6, 7, 8, for use in a ship, the signal generator is mounted high on a mast and comprises three detector elements in the form of saturable inductors 18, 19, 20, detector element 20 being responsive to the vertical component of the earth's field and detector elements 18, 19 sensing mutually perpendicular horizontal components. The output from each detector element is amplified in one of three negative-feedback amplifiers 23 having ganged gain-controls, and rectified in one of three phase-sensitive rectifiers 24, the outputs of which are fed to three pairs of coils 15, 16, 17 disposed mutually orthogonally around the compass bowl 7 (Fig. 2). A cylindrical shield 14 of high permeability magnetic material, the walls of which may be solid, or may be formed of thin strips wound on a former or of thin-walled concentric cylinders, surrounds the compass box 10 on a binnacle 11 to which are attached the conventional deviation-correcting devices. Coils 15, 16, wound on rectangular formers, are pressed into the compass box 10 while the coils 17 are wound on cylindrical formers and lie in parallel planes above and below the compass needle 6; alternatively, the coils 15, 16 are toroidally wound on the magnetic shield 14. The magnetic shield 14 is preferably detachable so that, in the event of failure of any of the detector elements (which failure may operate a warning relay) the compass may be used in the conventional manner. Modifications.-Detector elements. These may utilize the skin effect in high permeability alloys, nuclear resonance or may be rotating coils or, as shown in Fig. 10, Hall effect devices having a Hall plate 32 (which may be composite strip) of semi-conductor material such as germanium, silicon or indium antimonide, sandwiched between two conducting electrodes 33, 34, e.g. of copper or aluminium, the longitudinal axis of the device lying at right angles to the component of the earth's field to be measured. In an armoured vehicle, the detector elements may be fixed to a retractable mast, and in an aircraft they may be in the tail or at a wing tip. Transmission circuit. A common amplifier and a common phase-sensitive rectifier may be used, the signal from each detector element in turn being transmitted cyclically by an arrangement of time-controlled gating circuits. If simple amplifiers are used, D.C. windings may be energized, thereby to give negative magnetic feedback to the detector elements. The components of the earth's field sensed by the detector elements may be differently disposed relative to the vehicle and to one another, e.g. three horizontal components at 120 degrees to each other may be sensed, and in stabilized vehicles the vertical component may be omitted. The shield may be modified to improve the screening of the compass from the ambient vertical field. If necessary, the detector elements may be provided with conventional deviation-correcting devices or compensating direct currents may be supplied to auxiliary coils on the detector elements. A plurality of shielded compasses may have field reproducing coils connected in parallel to common detector elements, and any such compass may have repeaters.

PURPOSE:To enable detection of the entire area of a sample in a short time, by attaching ions generated by a corona discharge onto the surface of a sample comprising a insulated body to detect a pin hole or the like from the size of current leaking from the sample. CONSTITUTION:A sample 5 has one side of metal base material 6 covered with an insulation this film 7 and an open periphery of an insulated container 1 is put tight on the surface of the thin film 7 to form a closed space with both the parts. Now, when an output voltage of a DC power source 3 to be applied to a corona discharge electrode 2 is increased to generate a corona discharge, ions generated by the corona discharge diffuse within the close space formed with the container 1 and the thin film 7 with a potential gradient between the electrode 2 and the thin film 7, a part of the diffused ions attach onto the surface of the thin film 7 and leakage current due to the ions attached flows to a circuit of a current detector 8 through the thin film 7 and the base material 6. Thus, the presence of a pin hole or the like can be detected in the thin film 7 depending on a difference between readings of the detector 8 when the thin film 7 has no flaw and when it 7 has a pin hole or the like.

This invention is a super-resolution optical cover glass slip or mount which can resolve the optical information on a sample surface without diffraction limit. This super-resolution optical cover glass slip or mount is a multi-layered body at least comprising: (a) a substrate of transparent material; (b) a first protective and spacer layer formed on one surface of the substrate, which is made from transparent dielectric material; (c) a nano structure thin film which is capable of causing localized non-linear near-field optical interaction; (d) a second protective and spacer layer formed on the localized non-linear near-field optical interaction layer, which is also made from transparent dielectric material.

954,559. Radiation-sensitive devices. MINISTER OF AVIATION. April 18, 1962 [Jan. 20, 1961], No. 2355/61. Heading H1K. A thin film of conductive material is formed on at least a major part of at least one of the inner and outer surfaces of a substantially spherical envelope of dielectric material. As shown, a spherical glass flask 21 with a tubular neck 1 carries a film 31, 32 of conductive material on its inner or outer surface, or continuously on both surfaces by way of a hole 30. Incident electromagnetic radiation causes a change in the temperature and hence in the resistance of the conductive film, which is measured between leads 111 and 12 by means of a Wheatstone bridge, Fig. 3 (not shown), a compensating arm of the same temperature coefficient of resistance but shielded from radiation being connected between leads 12 and 13. Contacts are made by gold bands 9, 10, and 33. The flask 21 may be evacuated and may be enclosed in an evacuated enclosure, Fig. 4 (not shown), or in material of a low dielectric constant, such as foamed plastic.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for a resurfaceable contact pad that uses an epoxy to encapsulate contact pads so that the epoxy and encapsulated contact pads are coplanar on a silicon redistribution interposer. These redistribution interposers electrically connect a wafer semi-conductor to a probe card where it is necessary to convert the course pad arrangement of one with a fine pad arrangement of the other through the use of an interposer board. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method creates resurfaceable contact pads which may be resurfaced one or multiple times with an abrasive sanding operation to recreate a coplanar surface should any contact pad surfaces become damaged, allowing for a more cost-effective repair.

A crystal of formula CsMgInF6 is new. Also claimed is a method for making the crystal by: (a) preparing and mixing CaF, MgF2 and InF3; (b) heating to 1100 deg C in an inert atmos.; and (c) drawing by the Bridgman method. Pref. the crystal has a cubic fluorinated pyrochlore-type crystalline structure with a lattice parameter of 104.5 nm and a density of 4.4 g/cm<3>. It is pref. doped with Tl ions (substituting for Cs ions), Bi ions (substituting for In ions) or rare earth or transition metal ions. The fluorides are pref. prepared in powder form.

La présente invention concerne un nouveau cristal de formule CsMgInF6 . Ce cristal, éventuellement dopé par des ions de thallium, de bismuth, de terres rares ou de métaux de transition, peut être utilisé comme scintillateur ou comme détecteur de neutrinos.

An alloy wire used in the manufacture of semi-conductor devices (see Group XXXVI) consists of lead containing either 2% or 10% by weight of antimony.