PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an apparatus and a method in which a substance to be measured can be measured stably even when the fluid state of a liquid to be measured is changed by a method wherein the number of vibrations of Karman's vortex generated by a vortex generating body installed on the upstream side is detected, a current derived from a flow velocity is calculated by a calculation means on the basis of the number of vibrations and the current is subtracted from a diffusion current in a flow. SOLUTION: Along a flow passage in which the liquid to be measured flows, a detecting electrode 1 which is used to detect the substance, to be measured, on the basis of the reaction of the electrode with the liquid and a counter electrode 2 which is used as a Karman's vortex generating body are installed inside the flow passage. The counter electrode 2 is formed to be a triangular prism shape, and it is installed in a posture in which one face of the electrode becomes perpendicular to an inflow direction. The detecting electrode-1 which is installed on the downstream side of the counter electrode 2 is formed to be a thin film on a thin piezoelectric element 3 by a printing method or the like, and the piezoelectric element 3 is used as a vibrator. The number of vibrations which are detected by the piezoelectric element 3 is detected by a vibration detection circuit 6, and it is converted into a current value derived from a flow velocity by using a current conversion circuit 10. The current value is substracted from a diffusion current value detected by an electrochemical measuring device 4 in a flow-rate correction circuit 5, and it is corrected automatically.

A method for measuring a distance between features of a sample, according to one embodiment, includes moving a precision stage having the sample thereon for positioning a first feature of the sample in a field of view of an imaging device. The imaging device is instructed to generate a first image of the first feature of the sample. The sample is moved a defined distance using the precision stage. The imaging device is instructed to generate a second image of a second feature of the sample at the defined distance. The first image and the second image are used to determine an actual distance between the first feature and the second feature. A product, according to one embodiment, includes a thin film structure having a plurality of elements, and at least two features dedicated for enabling measurement therebetween. Each feature is positioned at a known position relative to a respective one of the elements.

An in-situ and real-time monitoring and controlling system for chemical vessels, tanks, reactors or the like is disclosed. The chemical vessels, tanks, or reactors are employed to contain high-purity corrosive chemicals such as acids, alkaline liquids or the like. The monitoring and controlling system encompasses a vessel including a conductive shell and insulating interior lining coated therein. A robust detection electrode is dipped into the chemical liquid contained by the vessel. The detection electrode is electrically connected to a measurement means such as an ohmmeter that is mounted outside the vessel. The measurement means is further electrically connected to the conductive shell. When the interior lining is pitted due to the chemical attack by the chemical liquid and the chemical liquid contacts the conductive shell, the measurement means promptly receives a corresponding signal. According to one preferred embodiment, the measurement means is further connected to a controller unit that can control a semi-conductor-processing unit.

A millimeter wave/terahertz wave imaging equipment and a human or object detecting method, comprising: a quasi-optic assembly suitable for reflecting and converging a millimeter wave/terahertz wave spontaneously radiated or reflected by an detected object (31) to a millimeter wave/terahertz wave detector array (2); a reflecting plate (1) suitable for receiving and reflecting a wave beam from the detected object (31); the millimeter wave/terahertz wave detector array (2) suitable for receiving a wave beam from the quasi-optic assembly; a reflecting plate adjusting device suitable for adjusting the movement of the reflecting plate (1) so that a scanning trace formed for a field of view is enveloped to be quasi-circular or quasi-elliptical; a rotating mechanism (6); and a pitch oscillation mechanism (7). The scanning trace is enveloped to be quasi-circular or quasi-elliptical so that dense sampling points are concentrated into the center of the whole field of view, and sampling points are distributed uniformly in most of the field of view. L'invention concerne un équipement d'imagerie à ondes millimétriques/térahertz et un procédé de détection d'êtres humains ou d'objets comprenant : un ensemble quasi-optique permettant de réfléchir et de faire converger une onde millimétrique/térahertz spontanément rayonnée ou réfléchie par un objet détecté (31) vers un réseau de détecteurs d'ondes millimétriques/térahertz (2) ; une plaque réfléchissante (1) permettant de recevoir et de réfléchir un faisceau d'ondes provenant de l'objet détecté (31) ; le réseau de détecteurs d'ondes millimétriques/térahertz (2) permettant de recevoir un faisceau d'ondes provenant de l'ensemble quasi-optique ; un dispositif de réglage de plaque réfléchissante permettant de régler le mouvement de la plaque réfléchissante (1) de sorte qu'une trace de balayage formée pour un champ de vision soit enveloppée de façon à être quasi-circulaire ou quasi-elliptique ; un mécanisme tournant (6) ; et un mécanisme d'oscillation de tangage (7). La trace de balayage est enveloppée de façon à être quasi-circulaire ou quasi-elliptique de sorte que des points d'échantillonnage denses soient concentrés dans le centre de l'ensemble du champ de vision, et que des points d'échantillonnage soient répartis uniformément dans la majeure partie du champ de vision. 一种毫米波/太赫兹波成像设备及人体或物品检测方法，其包括：准光学组件，其适用于将被检对象（31）自发辐射或反射回来的毫米波/太赫兹波反射并汇聚至毫米波/太赫兹波探测器阵列（2），并包括适用于接收并反射来自被检对象（31）的波束的反射板（1）；毫米波/太赫兹波探测器阵列（2），其适用于接收来自准光学组件的波束；以及反射板调节装置，其适用于调节反射板（1）的运动，以使得对视场形成的扫描轨迹包络为类圆形或类椭圆形，并包括旋转机构（6）和俯仰摆动机构（7）。通过将扫描轨迹包络为类圆形或类椭圆形，使得采样密集点集中在全视场中间，且在视场的大部分区域，采样点分布均匀。

The present invention provides a real-time luminescent piezoelectric detector capable of sensing the presence of biological and chemical agents. This detector includes a free-standing thin film that is driven by a frequency drover to produce light emitted from an edge of the thin film. A surface layer sensitive to the biological or chemical agent to be detected is disposed on the surface of the thin film. In the presence of the biological or chemical agent to be detected, the light emitted from the edge of the thin film structure is altered. A processor capable of determining the presence and/or concentration of the biological or chemical agent in question based on the altered emitted light receives an output representative of the emitted light and outputs the status of the presence and/or concentration of the biological or chemical agent in question.

The invention relates to thin film-shaped or wafer-shaped pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration of active substances. The preparations contain at least one matrix-forming polymer which has at least one active substance and at least one carbon dioxide-forming substance dissolved or dispersed therein.

A method for enriching or detecting, in biological fluid, exosomes of an astrocyte source. The method for enriching exosomes of an astrocyte source comprises the following steps: (a) causing biological fluid that contains exosomes of an astrocyte source to come into contact with an anti-GLT1 antibody so as to form an immune complex, wherein the biological fluid is selected from one or more of blood, serum, plasma, saliva and urine; and (b) using a solid phase or liquid phase method by means of the immune complex to enrich the exosomes of the astrocyte source. A biological marker of exosomes of an astrocyte source may be detected and used for auxiliary diagnoses, differential diagnoses and monitoring central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, prion diseases, and nervous system tumors such as glioma and the like so as to prevent acquiring markers by means of a traumatic operation. L'invention concerne un procédé d'enrichissement ou de détection, dans un liquide biologique, d'exosomes d'une source d'astrocytes. Le procédé d'enrichissement en exosomes d'une source d'astrocytes comprend les étapes suivantes : (a) amener un liquide biologique qui contient des exosomes d'une source d'astrocytes à entrer en contact avec un anticorps anti-GLT1 de façon à former un complexe immun, le liquide biologique étant choisi parmi un ou plusieurs parmi le sang, le sérum, le plasma, la salive et l'urine; et (b) utiliser un procédé en phase solide ou en phase liquide au moyen du complexe immun pour enrichir les exosomes de la source d'astrocytes. Un marqueur biologique d'exosomes d'une source d'astrocytes peut être détecté et utilisé pour des diagnostics auxiliaires, des diagnostics différentiels et la surveillance de maladies du système nerveux central telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer, la maladie de Parkinson, l'atrophie multisystématisée, les maladies à prions, et les tumeurs du système nerveux telles que le gliome et similaires, de façon à empêcher l'acquisition de marqueurs au moyen d'une opération traumatique. 一种用于从生物体液中富集或检测星形胶质细胞来源的外泌体的方法。其中，富集星形胶质细胞来源的外泌体该方法包括以下步骤：(a)使含有星形胶质细胞来源的外泌体的生物体液接触抗GLT1抗体以形成免疫复合物，其中，生物体液是选自血液、血清、血浆、唾液和尿液中的一种或多种；以及(b)通过免疫复合物采用固相或液相的方法富集星形胶质细胞来源的外泌体。可检测星形胶质细胞来源的外泌体的生物标记物，用于辅助诊断、鉴别诊断和监测中枢神经系统疾病如，阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多系统萎缩、朊病毒病和神经系统肿瘤例如胶质瘤等，避免通过创伤性操作获取标记物。

A method for measuring a distance between features of a sample, according to one embodiment, includes moving a precision stage having the sample thereon for positioning a first feature of the sample in a field of view of an imaging device. The imaging device is instructed to generate a first image of the first feature of the sample. The sample is moved a defined distance using the precision stage. The imaging device is instructed to generate a second image of a second feature of the sample at the defined distance. The first image and the second image are used to determine an actual distance between the first feature and the second feature. A product, according to one embodiment, includes a thin film structure having a plurality of elements, and at least two features dedicated for enabling measurement therebetween. Each feature is positioned at a known position relative to a respective one of the elements.