A method and means for determining the thickness, or curvature, of a thin film or stack of thin films disposed on the surface of a substrate having a curvature comprising generating a beam of radiation, focusing the beam through the one or more films onto a surface of the substrate, measuring the intensity across the reflected beam as a function of the angle of incidence of a plurality of rays derived from the focussed beam, determining the path of each of the plurality of rays and determining the thickness, or curvature of the film, or films, from the angular dependent intensity measurement.

A device for the rapid separation and/or conversion of substrates is disclosed herein. The device include a porous tube (2) disposed inside a tubular sample distributor (3). The tubular sample distributor (3) includes channel structures on its inner surface and is disposed inside a tubular body (4). A tubular sample collector (1) having channel structures on its outer surface is disposed inside the porous tube (2). A circular sample distributor (7) is provided having a circumferential portion and radially extending grooves in conjunction with the channel structures of the tubular sample distributor (3). A circular sample collector (8) is also provided having a circumferential portion and radially extending grooves in conjunction with the channel structures of the tubular sample collector (1). The hollow body (4) is arranged between securing means (5) that provide a sample inlet and outlet in communication with the circular sample distributor (7) and circular sample collector (8), respectively.

A method and means for determining the thickness, or curvature, of a thin film or stack of thin films disposed on the surface of a substrate having a curvature comprising generating a beam of radiation, focusing the beam through the one or more films onto a surface of the substrate, measuring the intensity across the reflected beam as a function of the angle of incidence of a plurality of rays derived from the focussed beam, determining the path of each of the plurality of rays and determining the thickness, or curvature of the film, or films, from the angular dependent intensity measurement. L'invention concerne un procédé et des moyens permettant de déterminer l'épaisseur ou la courbure d'une couche mince ou d'un empilement de couches minces disposées sur la surface d'un substrat présentant une courbure, comprenant la génération d'un faisceau de rayonnement, la focalisation du faisceau à travers lesdites une ou plusieurs couches sur une surface du substrat, la mesure de l'intensité à travers le faisceau réfléchi en fonction de l'angle d'incidence d'une pluralité de rayons provenant du faisceau focalisé, la détermination de la trajectoire de chaque rayon de la pluralité de rayons et la détermination de l'épaisseur ou de la courbure de la couche ou des couches à partir de la mesure d'intensité dépendant de l'angle.

A method for preparing a specimen for analyzing a resident skin bacterium and/or a substance present in the stratum corneum or observing the shape of the stratum, comprising applying a solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol polymer to the skin so as to form a thin-film and peeling and collecting the formed thin-film.

A dynamic or quasi-dynamic force detection apparatus and method, said apparatus specifically including a base plate (101), a piezoelectric sensing module (102) and a signal analysis module (103). The base plate (101) is used for producing an elastic wave signal according to a touch. The piezoelectric sensing module (102) is connected to the base plate (101), and is used for converting the elastic wave signal into a voltage signal. The signal analysis module (103) is connected to the piezoelectric sensing module (102), and is used for calculating, according to the voltage signal, a fluctuation change value of the voltage signal and calculating, according to the fluctuation change value, force information produced by the touch. The dynamic or quasi-dynamic force detection apparatus and method provide valid three-dimensional force information, are simple in structure, have wide applicability, and may be used in fields such as virtual keyboards, automobile electronics, smart homes, robots and aerospace. La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de détection de force dynamique ou quasi-dynamique, ledit appareil comprenant spécifiquement une plaque de base, un module de détection piézoélectrique et un module d'analyse de signal. La plaque de base est utilisée pour produire un signal d'onde élastique selon un toucher. Le module de détection piézoélectrique est raccordé à la plaque de base, et est utilisé pour convertir le signal d'onde élastique en un signal de tension. Le module d'analyse de signal est raccordé au module de détection piézoélectrique, et est utilisé pour calculer, en fonction du signal de tension, une valeur de changement de fluctuation du signal de tension et calculer, en fonction de la valeur de changement de fluctuation, des informations de force produites par le toucher. L'appareil et le procédé de détection de force dynamique ou quasi-dynamique fournissent des informations de force tridimensionnelle valides, présentent une structure simple, ont une large applicabilité, et peuvent être utilisés dans des domaines tels que les claviers virtuels, l'électronique automobile, les maisons intelligentes, les robots et l'aérospatiale. 一种动态或准动态力度检测装置及方法，传感装置具体包含基板（101）、压电传感模块（102）和信号分析模块（103）；基板（101）用于根据触碰产生弹性波信号；压电传感模块（102）与基板（101）相接，用于将弹性波信号转换为电压信号；信号分析模块（103）与压电传感模块（102）相连，用于根据电压信号计算获得电压信号的波动变化值，根据波动变化值计算获得触碰产生的力度信息。通过该动态或准动态力度检测装置及方法可提供有效的三维力度信息，同时结构简单，适用性广，可应用于虚拟键盘、汽车电子、智能家居、机器人、航空航天等领域。

PURPOSE:To obtain a stabilized or partially stabilized zirconia thin film useful as a solid electrolyte for oxygen sensors or the third-generation fuel cells by film formation, through electron beam heating technique, of a depositing material comprising zirconia and an alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal oxide. CONSTITUTION:A depositing material comprising alkaline earth metal(e.g. Ca, Mg) and/or rare earth metal (e.g. Y) oxide and zirconia, with the former dissolved in the latter into a solid solution or both the former and latter separated from each other, is placed in a crucible followed by film formation at a rate of <=50 Angstrom /see on a substrate (e.g. made of alumina)in a vacuum of <=5X10<-4> Torr using an electron beam heating-type vacuum deposition device. The thickness of the resultant film is set at 30 20mum for making the resultant film porous). With the present method, the objective zirconia thin film <20% in the X-ray diffraction intensity for each of the rest crystal planes based on that for (111) plane and <=0.8 deg. in the half-width of the diffraction peak for the (111) plane can be obtained.

Provided are a system and method for training or testing a state monitoring module. The system (10, 20, 30, 40) comprises: a vibration actuator (12, 22, 32, 42), wherein the vibration actuator comprises a vibration component (122, 222, 322, 4221, ..., 422n) and a controller (121, 221, 321, 421), and receives preset data, which represents a preset vibration, and controls, on the basis of the preset data, the vibration component to generate a vibration; and a sensor (13, 23, 33, 43), wherein the sensor senses the vibration of the vibration component and generates a signal which represents the vibration of the vibration component so as to train or test a state monitoring module. Therefore, a large amount of monitoring data can be provided simply, efficiently and reliably at a low cost so as to train or test a state monitoring module. L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de formation ou de test d'un module de surveillance d'état. Le système (10, 20, 30, 40) comprend : un actionneur de vibration (12, 22, 32, 42), l'actionneur de vibration comprenant un composant de vibration (122, 222, 322, 4221, ..., 422n) et un dispositif de commande (121, 221, 321, 421), et recevant des données préétablies représentant une vibration prédéfinie, et commandant, en fonction de données prédéfinies, au composant de vibration de générer une vibration ; et un capteur (13, 23, 33, 43), le capteur détectant la vibration du composant de vibration et générant un signal représentant la vibration du composant de vibration de manière à former ou à tester un module de surveillance d'état. Ainsi, une grande quantité de données de surveillance peut être fournie de manière simple, efficace et fiable à un faible coût de manière à former ou à tester un module de surveillance d'état. 提供了用于训练或测试状态监测模块的系统和方法。该系统（10,20,30,40）包括振动致动器（12,22,32,42），其包括振动部件（122,222,322,422 1,……422 n）和控制器（121,221,321,421,），其接收表示预设振动的预设数据，并且基于所述预设数据控制所述振动部件产生振动和传感器（13,23,33,43），其感测所述振动部件的振动，并且生成表示所述振动部件的振动的信号，以用于训练或测试所述状态监测模块。由此，能够简单、高效、可靠并且低成本地提供大量监测数据，以用于对状态监测模块进行训练或测试。