The invention concerns a method for testing or measuring electrical elements, wherein a beam (6) of particles is applied to a location of an electrical element (2, 3), charges are released under the effect of the application of the beam (6) of particles, the released charges are collected by a collector (9), the amount of collected charges is measured, and an electrical characteristic is derived from the measurement of the amount of charges collected. The invention is applicable, in particular, to measuring the resistance and/or the capacity of printed circuits, as well as to any other type of substrates such flat displays, circuits equipped with components, semi-conductor chips.

921,220. Echo-sounders. ELECTROACUSTIC G.m.b.H. July 17, 1959 [July 19, 1958], No. 24640/59. Class 40 (7). In a pulse echo-sounder circuit arrangement, oppositely-poled, shunt-connected, semi-conductor diodes 3 are utilized in one or both of the leads from transmitter 1 output transformer 2 to the transducer 5. Interfering voltages from the transmitter between pulses do not appear at the input of receiver 9, which may include diode circuit 8. In another arrangement transducer 5 is in parallel with points c, d, Fig. 2 (not shown).

Provided by the present application is a method for screening refreshing essential oils or products thereof, comprising: processing cerebral nerve cells using essential oils or products thereof; detecting the concentration of neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine; obtaining a refreshing score for each neurotransmitter by means of the change in the concentrations of a treatment group and a control group; and calculating the total refreshing score and using the same to screen refreshing essential oils or products thereof. La présente invention concerne un procédé de criblage d'huiles essentielles rafraîchissantes ou de produits correspondants comprenant : le traitement de cellules nerveuses cérébrales à l'aide d'huiles essentielles ou de produits correspondants ; la détection de la concentration de neurotransmetteurs tels que la 5-hydroxytryptamine ; l'obtention d'une note de rafraîchissement pour chaque neurotransmetteur au moyen du changement des concentrations d'un groupe de traitement et d'un groupe de contrôle ; et le calcul de la note de rafraîchissement total et l'utilisation de ce dernier afin de cribler des huiles essentielles rafraîchissantes ou des produits correspondants. 本申请提供了一种具有提神功效的精油或其产品的筛选方法，包括使用精油或其产品处理大脑神经元细胞；检测其中5-羟色胺等神经递质的浓度；通过处理组和对照组浓度的变化获得各个神经递质的提神分值；计算总提神分值并以此筛选提神功效的精油或其产品。

780,089. Photo-electric gauging apparatus. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Sept. 15, 1955 [Jan. 26, 1955], No. 2305/55. Class 40 (3). [Also in Group XXXVI] An instrument for gauging a dimension comprises separable members between which the specimen is received and a semi-conductor rectifying photo-junction across which a voltage is applied and which has a light pattern directed close to the junction, the arrangement being that the distance of the pattern from the junction varies with that of the dimension to be gauged so as to indicate the dimension on an electric current meter. As shown, the object to. be gauged is inserted between an anvil 3 and a ball-ended probe 4. Probe 4 is carried by flat springs 6, 7 and carries a block 11 of insulating material in which are mounted a pair of semi-conductor rectifying photo-junction of germanium P-N type. Fig. 2 shows the two junctions. An adjustable tube 19 carried on telescopic legs 17, 18 and containing lenses, a rotatable diaphragm and a light source directs a line of light 6 on the semiconductors so as to fall to one side of one interface in one case and the other side in the other. The connections are shown in Fig. 3, the semiconductors being arranged to form with potentiometer 30 a bridge circuit across which D.C. is applied from source 29. A current meter 31 is connected across the common cell connection and the potentiometer slider and is shunted at 33, 34 for adjustment. Fig. 4 shows an arrangement in which a pair of semi-conductors of P-N-P type have a wafer W of N type material on which are spots 151, 161 of indium. In a further construction the small spots are on the same side.

A method and apparatus for mass spectrometry, wherein the emergence or elution of an ion of interest, or a product ion of interest indicative of a transition of interest (such as a fragmentation reaction), is monitored. When it is determined that the ion or transition of interest has eluted, monitoring is discontinued for that ion or transition, or the dwell time for that ion or transition is reduced. In experiments where multiple ions of interest are monitored during a single acquisition, and, for example, a mass filter is used to scan the masses or mass to charge ratios (m/z) of ions of interest during a cycle, when elution of a first ion of interest is complete, for example from a liquid chromatographic source (LC), the filter may be controlled to discontinue monitoring for that mass or m/z and thereby improve the duty cycle of the other mass or m/z ranges.

A method and apparatus for mass spectrometry, wherein the emergence or elution of an ion of interest, or a product ion of interest indicative of a transition of interest (such as a fragmentation reaction), is monitored. When it is determined that the ion or transition of interest has eluted, monitoring is discontinued for that ion or transition, or the dwell time for that ion or transition is reduced. In experiments where multiple ions of interest are monitored during a single acquisition, and, for example, a mass filter is used to scan the masses or mass to charge ratios (m/z) of ions of interest during a cycle, when elution of a first ion of interest is complete, for example from a liquid chromatographic source (LC), the filter may be controlled to discontinue monitoring for that mass or m/z and thereby improve the duty cycle of the other mass or m/z ranges.

1,174,005. Optical apparatus. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. Feb.3, 1967 [Feb.4, 1966], No.5335/67. Heading G2J. An element for use in A.T.R. spectroscopy is coated with a thin film 2, Fig. 2, of low refractive index and a second film 3 of high refractive index so that a beam 10 coming through the element is partially reflected at interface R 1 , 3 as beam 22 and partially transmitted as beam 18. On reaching the interface R 3,4 . the beam 18 interacts with the sample 4 and returns as beam 20 for further splitting up at interface R 1,3 . into beams 221, 181, so that the initial beam has a portion forming multiple reflections in the layer 3 and thus enhancing the absorption which is characteristic of sample 4. By arranging the reflectivity of interface R 1,3 to match that at interface R 3,4 and controlling the phase of components 221 so that they are 180 degrees out of phase with component 22, by suitably dimensioning the films 2, 3, and using polarized light, substantially complete absorption can be achieved at a wavelength characteristic of sample 4.

804,217. Thermoelectric devices. SIEMENS-SCHUCKERTWERKE A.G. Aug. 23, 1956 [Sept. 2, 1955], No. 25797/56. Class 37. [Also in Group XXII] In a process for producing a thermocouple, especially one used for the generation of cold, the thermoelectric elements are soldered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere under the action of ultrasonic vibrations, to provide low contact resistance between the elements, thus increasing the cold developed. The atmosphere, which is preferably flowing, may be carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, argon, or preferably a reducing atmosphere of, or containing, hydrogen. The process is particularly suitable when the thermoelectric elements are semi-conductors, especially of the extrinsic type, and is applicable to the production of a thermocouple in which a conductor, e.g. copper sheet, is soldered between the elements. Suitable solders are tin solders, indium alloys of low m.p., pure indium and pure bismuth.