Process and device for extending the resolution of a line or matrix camera comprising an electronic evaluation circuit. During imaging of a non-transparent object by the transmitted light process onto the semi-conductor picture-taking unit of such a camera, and during digitalization of the grey values on a shadow fringe, an interpolation is made between the two image elements concerned by this fringe transition. For this an electronic evaluation circuit is used which comprises at least two parallel shift registers, a hardware calculating circuit with memory cells and a clock. In this way an extension of the resolution of a semi-conductor camera is extended by interpolation between the two image points of the shadow fringe transition, the first of which is located above and the second below a defined threshold or vice versa. This interpolation makes it possible to perform a propositional calculation relating to the position of a shade structure, or any light/dark distribution in a resolution lying above the local frequency of the picture-taking unit. This calculation is performed with an ROM in which already a result is stored for each input combination possible, in order to then allow interpolation in the image element cycle.

Technologies are generally described for methods and systems for sensing or imaging. The apparatus includes a stack of a plurality of thin films, such as polymer thin films. The stack has a substantially imaginary total reflectance coefficient. L'invention porte d'une manière générale sur des technologies pour des procédés et des systèmes de détection ou d'imagerie. L'appareil comprend un empilement d'une pluralité de films minces, tels que des films minces de polymère. L'empilement présente un coefficient de réflectance totale sensiblement imaginaire.

A method for detecting flavor and/or flavor intensity in a flavor enhancer. An infrared spectroscopy technique is used to detect amino acid groups which form a five-membered ring structure such as an effective α-NH+3 group and a γ-COO-group, and a phosphate on the 5'-position of a ribose of a nucleotide base in a sample. The detection method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, wide applicability, high credibility, etc., thereby effectively compensating for the shortcomings and defects of sensory evaluation and electronic tongues. L'invention concerne un procédé de détection d'arôme et/ou d'intensité d'arôme dans un exhausteur de goût. Une technique de spectroscopie infrarouge est utilisée pour détecter des groupes d'acides aminés qui forment une structure cyclique à cinq chaînons, tels qu'un groupe α-NH+3 efficace et un groupe γ-COO, et un phosphate sur la position 5' d'un ribose d'une base nucléotidique dans un échantillon. Le procédé de détection présente les avantages d'un fonctionnement simple, d'une sensibilité élevée, d'une large applicabilité, d'une crédibilité élevée, etc., ce qui permet de compenser efficacement les lacunes et les défauts d'une évaluation sensorielle et de languettes électroniques. 鲜味剂中鲜味和/或鲜味强度的检测方法。通过红外光谱技术，对样品中氨基酸类形成五元环结构的有效α-NH+3基团和γ-COO-基团，以及核苷酸类碱基上核糖的5'-位置上磷酸酯进行测定。该检测方法具有操作简单，灵敏度高，适用性广，可信度强等优点，有效弥补了感官评价和电子舌的缺点与不足。

Method for (a) controlled production or (b) modification of polymeric products using IR-ATR (infra-red attenuated total reflection) spectroscopy involves using (a) the extinction of the characteristic IR absorption bands for the monomers and resultant polymer or (b) the characteristic IR absorption bands of the educt and modified polymer; and stopping reaction by a suitable means when the required degree of conversion or modification is attained. Method for (a) controlled production or (b) modification of polymeric products using IR-ATR (infra-red attenuated total reflection) spectroscopy involves (i) using (a) the extinction of the characteristic IR absorption bands for the monomers and resultant polymer or (b) the characteristic IR absorption bands of the educt and modified polymer; and (ii) stopping reaction by a suitable means when the required degree of conversion or modification is attained. Measurements are carried out at frequent intervals with a probe immersed directly in a stirred reactor, in which the viscosity of the contents is \} 10,000, preferably 10-1000 Pas and the flow velocity is 0.01-10 m/s at the position of the probe. The degree of conversion or modification is calculated from the equation; D(t) = degree of conversion or modification; A(t) = extinction of a characteristic absorption band of the monomer or educt used at time t; A(t0) = extinction of a characteristic absorption band of the monomer or educt used at time t0 (start of reaction).

PURPOSE: To manufacture or utilize a large-matrix device easily by including a sensitive zone containing a sensitive element for detecting radioactive rays or displaying information visually being connected to the conductive flow and column in each active matrix. CONSTITUTION: The active matrix of the matrix device is adhered to the upper surface of a medium 1 is made to match with the shape of the device by a thin film 2 of an adhesive. In the case of an image forming device, a ridge part formed at the sensitive zone of each active matrix is chamfered according to the incidence angle of radioactive rays S for avoiding the loss of incidence radioactive rays and the effect of the shade of one sensitive zone for another sensitive zone. Then, the matrix device is created by aligning four active matrix reactive zones 10 in parallel. The active matrixes do not overlap one another, thus avoiding the chamfering of the ridge part of the sensitive zones 10.

In a matrix-addressable apparatus comprising one or more memory devices with multidirectionally switchable memory cells (5) arranged in a passive matrix- addressable array, the memory cells comprise a memory medium in the form of a ferroelectric or electret thin-film memory material capable of being polariz ed by an applied electric field and exhibiting hysteresis, and preferably the memory material is a polymer or copolymer. A memory device in the apparatus comprises at least a first and a second electrode means (E 1;E2) such that t he electrodes (.epsilon.2) of the second electrode means (E2) are provided in recesses (3) in the electrodes (.epsilon.1) of the first electrode means (E1 ) and oriented orthogonally thereto, the recesses (3) extending only half-way through the electrodes (.epsilon.1) of the first electrode means (E1). The electrodes (.epsilon.2) of the second electrode means (E2) are provided in t he recesses (3) surrounded by memory material (4a,4b) which also contacts the crossing electrodes (.epsilon.1) of the first electrode means (E1) whereby a memory cell (5) is defined in the crossing between electrodes (.epsilon.1;.epsilon.2) of the first and second electrode means (E1;E2) respectively and formed by a memory material surrounding the electrodes (.epsilon.2) of the second means (E2) on at least three sides thereof, thus providing at least three switching directions in the memory cell (5) at different locations thereof. Two or more memory devices can be stacked in th e apparatus according to the invention, thus implementing the latter as a volumetric data storage apparatus.

PURPOSE:To make it possible to judge the presence or absence of a thin film insulating layer formed on the surface of a conductive substance film with high precision in a non-destructive manner without using a large-scale analyzing device by a method wherein a constant tunnel current is detected in a state that a probe is brought into contact with the surface of a sample. CONSTITUTION:When a metal probe 1 installed to a piezoelectric element 2 in a direction Z is made to approach over the surface of a silicon substrate 8 by a moving mechanism 7 up to a distance of 1nm from the substrate surface, electron clouds 9 oozing out on the peripheries of surface atoms 1A and 8A of both of the probe and the substrate are linked to each other. In this state, when a slight voltage Vs 3 is applied between the probe and the substrate, a tunnel current It flows. This It value is detected and amplified by a tunnel current detection and amplification circuit 4, a feedback is made by a distance control circuit 5 in the direction Z for stabilizing the It value at a previously set constant value and a distance between the probe and the surface of a sample is controlled. As a result, the element 2 is expanded and contracted until the previously set constant value becomes the It value and the time dependency of the displacement component of the element 2 is recorded by an analyzing recorder 6 with the It value.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sample storing cell capable of executing surely color detection of even severely blackened oil, capable of being filled easily with oil, and capable of being used repeatedly. SOLUTION: This cell is so composed that whether oil or the like is in the deteriorated state or not is determined from lightness and a hue angle, by storing the oil or the like drawn out from an automobile in a sample cell, and by detecting light irradiated from a white light source and transmitted through the sample cell by an RGB light-receiving element, and by replacing respective electric signals detected by the RGB with a color system. In this case, thin films 30 having a prescribed thickness are printed or pasted on a smooth surface of either of two transparent members 4a, 4b equipped with the smooth plane 28 supported by an elastic material 29, and the two transparent members 4a, 4b are connected openably and closably, and a sample is retained in an aperture space 33 formed between the thin films 30 when the two transparent members 4a, 4b are closed. The periphery of the aperture space 33 is formed in the open state to the atmosphere or in a larger space than the aperture space 33 for retaining the sample.